Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry is of growing interest in applied sciences, because of the growing interest in energy converting and storing systems like batteries. While empirical electrochemistry is a very powerful tool, the understanding of the basic processes at the interfaces is still comparably poor. NAP-XPS, like EnviroESCA systems equipped with operando electrochemical cells or XPS/UPS/HAXPES systems with an in-situ electrochemical chamber can significantly contribute to this field.